This layer is made of peridotite, including the mineral perovskite.
A) inner core B) mantle C) crust D) outer core E) mesosphere
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S waves are about 1.7 times faster than a P wave.
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When an S wave goes through a liquid, the liquid will not resist and the S wave energy scatters and does not pass completely through the liquid.
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Tsunamis are caused by the sudden displacement of large volumes of seawater.
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If the P, S, and surface waves arrive almost simultaneously, the seismic recording station is virtually at the epicenter of the earthquake.
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Stony and iron meteorites are thought to be similar to Earth’s inner layers.
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As P waves pass from the mantle into the outer core, velocities rise abruptly.
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Seismic waves travel slower through denser material.
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The mantle is not a homogeneous layer.
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The shape of a material temporarily changes as P waves pass through this material.
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Seismic waves travel faster through the ocean crust than through the continental crust.
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On earthquake distribution maps, the tectonic plate boundaries are zones of low seismic activity.
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Seismic waves travel out in all directions from the point where an earthquake occurs.
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If an earthquake occurs directly at the South Pole, a seismic station at the North Pole would receive __.
A) S waves from this quake but not P waves
B) both P and S waves from this quake separated by two minutes.
C) neither P waves nor S waves from this earthquake.
D) P waves from this quake, but no S waves would be detected.
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The two factors directly related to the Richter earthquake-magnitude rating are ____
A) average of the highest and lowest Mercalli intensity ratings & amplitude of the S seismic waves
B) distance between the seismic station and the epicenter & time interval between the first P-wave arrival and the first P wave reflected from the crust-mantle discontinuity
C) time interval between the first P-wave arrival and the first P wave reflected from the crust-mantle discontinuity
D) amplitude of the highest S waves & distance between the seismic station and the epicenter
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__________ is a widely accepted explanation for the mechanism that generates earthquakes.
A) Dow’s recovery theory
B) Dupont’s plastic-slip theory
C) Richter’s wave-snap theory
D) Reid’s elastic rebound theory
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Which one of the following regarding the San Andreas Fault in California is true?
A) a sliver of continent west of the fault is moving northward with the Pacific plate
B) a sliver of land west of the fault is sinking under the North American plate
C) continental crust east of the fault is moving east with the North American plate
D) the North American plate is slowly moving northward with respect to the continental fragment west of the fault
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Approximately how much more energy is released in a 6.5 Richter magnitude earthquake than a 5.5?
A) 3200 times B) 3.2 times C) 32 times D) 320 times
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Which of the following foundation materials is most stable during earthquake shaking?
A) bedrock
B) unconsolidated moist soil
C) water-saturated
D) sand and mud
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In order to pinpoint an earthquake’s epicenter, geologists need seismic recordings from ________ different locations.
A) 2
B) 6
C) 3
D) 1
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The __________ is the point of origin for an earthquake.
A) fault point
B) focus
C) seismic centroid
D) epizone
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Elastic strain stored in rocks next to the site of a future earthquake is a type of
A) movement
B) energy
C) fault
D) S wave
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The Mercalli Scale is a scale from __________.
A) 1 to 12 that rates the energy required for faulting to occur
B) 1 to 10 that rates the energy released by an earthquake
C) I to XII that rates the structural damage from and response to an earthquake
D) I to X that rates the total energy released during the main quake and all aftershocks
